Introduction to properties of life and cells leading to genetic and biological diversity. Survey of biological diversity emphasizing variation leading to natural selection; introduction to ecological concepts within an evolutionary framework; a survey of ecosystems and global climate change. Development of scientific skills will be emphasized. Designed for science majors. Lecture three hours; laboratory three hours; activity two hours; fee course.

Note: Field trips may be required.

Introduction to molecular and cellular biology and genetics. Topics include biomolecules, cell structure and function, cellular energetics, molecular flow of information, cell division, and genetic inheritance. Development of scientific skills and a scientific mindset will be emphasized throughout the course, particularly in lab exercises and activities. Designed for science majors. Lecture three hours; laboratory three hours; activity two hours.

Prerequisite: BIO 1 and CHEM 1A.

Introduction to major concepts of biology, including properties of living things, cells and their molecular constituents, the unity and diversity of organisms, genetics, ecology, evolution, and the scientific methods of investigation employed by biologists. Satisfies requirements in biology for students planning to obtain the Multiple Subject Teaching Credential. Lecture three hours; laboratory three hours. Fee course.

Designed for non-majors, this course is an introduction to the biological science behind important issues that face us today, such as those surrounding evolution, endangered species, conservation of ecosystems, and the behavior of organisms. By gaining an understanding of the scientific approach and the principles of evolution, ecology and behavior, students will be equipped to evaluate scientific developments and arguments in these and other issues as informed citizens. Lecture three hours.

Note: Not open to Biological Sciences majors or students who have received credit for BIO 1 or BIO 2.

An intensive introductory course for non-majors who will take additional course work in biology or related disciplines, including the allied health sciences. Introduction to the biological sciences with strong emphasis on cellular structure and metabolism, molecular biology and genetics, as well as concepts and principles common to all living systems including ecology and evolution. Lecture three hours.

Note: Not open to Biological Sciences majors or students who have received credit for BIO 1 or BIO 2.

Introductory laboratory investigation of the major principles of biology, including properties of all living things, the unity and diversity of organisms, structure and function of cells, energy and metabolism, genetics, ecology, evolution, and the scientific methods of investigation employed by biologists. Laboratory three hours.

Note: Not open to Biological Sciences majors or students who have received credit for BIO 1 or BIO 2.

Prerequisite: BIO 9, BIO 10 or BIO 20.

Corequisite: BIO 9, BIO 10 or BIO 20.

Introduction to biological concepts with emphasis on their application to humans. Topics include: Evidenced-based decision making with respect to food, nutritional supplements, drugs, pathogens, and biotechnology. How heredity and evolution contribute to our understanding of personality, sex, behavior, addiction, disease, and aging is also discussed. Lecture three hours.

Note: Not open to majors in biological sciences and/or students who have received credit for BIO 10.

Introduction to the study of the gross and microscopic structure of the human body using a systemic approach. Lecture three hours; laboratory three hours. Fee course.

Prerequisite: BIO 1, BIO 2 or BIO 10

BIO 25/26 series provides an introduction to the structure and function of the major organ systems of the human body. BIO 25 offers basic terminology and concepts pertaining to the disciplines of anatomy and physiology, including structure/function relationships, homeostasis, and organizational levels; and provides an introduction to the structure and function of the muscular and nervous systems.

Note: Not open to students who have successfully completed BIO 22 and BIO 131, or an equivalent combination of separate anatomy and physiology courses. Lecture three hours; laboratory three hours. Fee course.

BIO 25/26 series provides an introduction to the structure and function of the major organ systems of the human body. BIO 26 provides an introduction to the structure and function of the cardiovascular, respiratory, renal and digestive systems, and emphasizes homeostatic control mechanisms.

Note: Not open to students who have successfully completed BIO 22 and BIO 131, or an equivalent combination of separate anatomy and physiology courses. Lecture three hours; laboratory three hours. Fee course.

Prerequisite: BIO 25 or instructor permission.

Introduction to micro-organisms, particularly bacteria and viruses, with emphasis on health care-related applications of microbiology using case studies. Laboratory work includes aseptic techniques, methods of cultivating and identifying bacteria, demonstration of microbial properties and will provide practice with basic microbiological skills. Lecture three hours; laboratory three hours. Fee Course.

Note: Does not satisfy microbiology requirement for Biological Sciences majors.

Prerequisite: BIO 10; CHEM 5 or CHEM 6A and CHEM 6B or equivalent.

Prepares students for upper division Biology coursework and careers in science using a curriculum centered on critical thinking and evidence-based instruction and activities. Covers core competencies required for the practice of science: 1) evaluative reading, 2) written and oral communication, 3) analysis/quantitative reasoning, and 4) experimental design. Online lecture two hours. In-person laboratory three hours.

Prerequisite: BIO 1, BIO 2, and STAT 1; declared Biological Sciences majors only or instructor consent.

Note: Course cannot be taken concurrently with or after taking BIO 167.

Study of the significance of plants in the development of human civilization. Emphasis will be placed on the botanical, sociological and economic aspects of plants useful to humans. Lecture three hours.

Prerequisite: BIO 10 or equivalent.

Study of marine life and ocean ecosystems. Exploration of the unique adaptations of marine life, how marine organisms interact with their environment, diversity of marine habitats from coral reefs to deep sea, and conservation. Does not count toward the Biological Sciences Major.

A survey of the important tools and mechanisms used to study speciation in plants. Topics include the molecular basis of evolutionary change, intraspecific genetic variation at both the local and landscape levels, theory regarding mechanisms of speciation, and the importance of polyploidy. Readings will be from both a text and from the primary literature, and will include in-depth discussions of historical and modern studies in plant evolution. Lecture three hours.

Prerequisite: BIO 1 and BIO 2 or equivalent.

Introduction to the principles and practices of biological conservation. Historical development of conservation philosophy; current issues in conservation of renewable natural resources; conservation administration. Lecture three hours.

Prerequisite: BIO 1 and BIO 2.

Comparison of the cellular and molecular biology of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Emphasis will be placed on membrane structures, transport phenomena, cell to cell communication, cellular reproduction, genetic architecture, gene expression and metabolism, as well as the eukaryotic endomembrane, cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix systems. Lecture three hours.

Prerequisite: BIO 184

Gross and microscopic structures of the central, peripheral and autonomic nervous systems. The lectures are correlated with laboratory exercises and demonstrations using human prosected cadaver specimens, audio-visual slide projected materials, charts and models. Lecture two hours; laboratory three hours. Fee course.

Prerequisite: BIO 22.

Production of body fluids (e.g., urine, cerebrospinal, pleural, peritoneal, pericardial, and synovial fluids); their normal characteristics and pathological changes will be discussed. A description of the laboratory tests used in the clinical evaluation of body fluids will also be presented.

Prerequisite: CHEM 161 or instructor permission.

This course examines the progression of fertilized eggs of vertebrate organisms through embryonic development. This progression will be studied at biochemical, molecular, genetic, morphological and physiological levels, with an emphasis on the progressive changes that occur within cells, tissues and organs in the embryo. We will use a comparative approach between a variety of model organisms to understand similarities and differences among vertebrate and selected invertebrate species. Fee course.

Note: Prerequisite will be enforced by instructor.

Prerequisite: BIO 2.

Physiology of organ systems with emphasis on control and integration of system function. Experiments using humans and selected vertebrate animal models are performed in the laboratory to illustrate functional characteristics of organ systems discussed in lecture and to provide direct experience with techniques, recording systems, and methods of data analysis commonly used in physiology and related fields. Lecture three hours; laboratory three hours. Fee course.

Prerequisite: CHEM 1B or CHEM 6B and BIO 1 or BIO 2 or BIO 10 or BIO 22.

Advanced problem-solving in physiology designed for students concurrently enrolled in BIO 131. Students explore solutions to challenging problem sets under the direct supervision of an experienced section leader. Discussion: two hours.

Corequisite: BIO 131

Organization and function of the nervous system will be explored. Topics include mechanisms of communication between neurons, integration of sensory and motor systems, and functional brain systems. Diseased states will be introduced, as appropriate. Lecture 3 hours.

Prerequisite: BIO 131 or both BIO 25 and BIO 26.

Advanced consideration of the integrated physiology of the cardiovascular, respiratory, and renal systems, including acid-base physiology. Advanced problem-solving, analysis of case studies, and interpretation of experimental findings will be included. Lecture three hours.

Prerequisite: BIO 131.

Advanced consideration of the principles of endocrinology with special emphasis on the role of hormones in growth, metabolism, stress (including the hormonal interactions during exercise) and disease. Various endocrine disorders, will serve as the model for case studies, current literature analysis and advanced problem-solving activities. Lecture three hours.

Prerequisite: BIO 121.

Introduction to microorganisms, particularly bacteria and viruses, their physiology and metabolism. Laboratory work includes aseptic techniques, methods of cultivating and identifying bacteria, and demonstration of microbial properties. Lecture three hours; laboratory three hours. Fee course.

Prerequisite: BIO 184; CHEM 20 or CHEM 24

Morphological, physiological and immunological characteristics of pathogenic bacteria. In the laboratory, pure culture studies are emphasized. Lecture two hours; laboratory six hours. Fee course.

Prerequisite: BIO 139.

Nature of antigens, antibodies and their reactions. The development of the immune response and its role in immunity and pathology. Lecture two hours.

Prerequisite: BIO 121 and BIO 139

Laboratory exercises focusing on current research problems and skills in forensic serology, DNA typing, and court testimony. Topics will include DNA mixture and low copy number interpretation, advanced techniques in serological testing, research ethics, as well as skills for effective communication in the courtroom. Topics may also include Y-STR typing, animal and plant DNA identification and typing, microbial forensics, somatic mosaicism, ELISA specificity and sensitivity testing, and other current areas of active inquiry. Designed to prepare students for entry level positions as DNA analysts in federal, state, and local crime laboratories. Laboratory six hours. Fee course.

Prerequisite: BIO 150 or instructor permission.

Microbiology of food fermentations, food preservation and spoilage. Lecture two hours; laboratory three hours. Fee course.

Prerequisite: BIO 139.

Biology of insects and a brief consideration of other terrestrial arthropods. Includes structure, physiology, ecology, classification, economic importance, collection and preservation of insects. Lecture three hours; laboratory three hours. Fee course.

Prerequisite: BIO 1 and BIO 2.

Examination of the interrelationships among organisms and their environments. Designed for the major in Biological Sciences or related fields. Topics include the structure and function of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, population and community dynamics and human effects on ecosystems. Projects and field trips required. Lecture two hours; laboratory three hours.

Prerequisite: BIO 1 and BIO 2 or BIO 1 and BIO 10; BIO 100 or ENVS 120.

Fee course.

Biology of fishes: structure, physiology, ecology, economic importance, propagation and classification. Methods of identification, life history study, propagation, collection and preservation. Lecture two hours; laboratory three hours. Field trips may be required. Fee course.

Prerequisite: BIO 1 and BIO 2.

Biology of mammals: structure, physiology, ecology, behavior, classification. Methods of life history, laboratory and field identification, collection and preservation. Lecture three hours; laboratory three hours. Field trips required. Fee course.

Prerequisite: BIO 1 and BIO 2.

A survey of the use of molecular tools to understand ecological questions. Lecture will focus on the background and history of the use of molecular tools in ecological settings, including application of molecular tools to conservation of natural resources. Laboratory will include techniques for both wet lab and analysis of molecular data, including interpretation of results. Students will complete a capstone-style project that will culminate in the production of a research proposal.

Prerequisite: BIO 184

Corequisite: BIO 188

Examination of the structure of genes and genomes, the mechanisms by which they change, and the use of evolutionary relationships to understand function. Mechanisms of the regulation of gene expression from gene to phenotype and the tools used o study these processes. Applications of molecular tools in medicine and biotechnology and the ethics around these approaches. Lecture two hours, laboratory six hours.

Prerequisite: BIO 121 and BIO 184.

Study of cancer from the molecular level to the effect on whole tissues and organs. Topics to be covered include the classification and nomenclature of cancers, the process leading up to the formation of a cancer, the possible causes of cancer, and possible treatment. Lecture two hours.

Prerequisite: BIO 121 and BIO 184.

Principles of inheritance as they relate to microorganisms, plants, animals and humans. Genetic mechanisms are analyzed according to evidence derived from both classical and current research. The nature, structure, and function of the genome are considered at the molecular level. Lecture three hours; laboratory three hours. Fee course.

Prerequisite: BIO 1 and BIO 2; declared major in Biological Sciences, Biochemistry, Chemistry or instructor consent

Series of at least 10 seminars in ecological and environmental issues. Topics within each seminar will vary each semester.

Note: May be repeated for credit. No more than one unit of BIO 186 may be counted toward the upper division major requirement.

Prerequisite: BIO 10 or both BIO 1 and BIO 2.

Cross Listed: ENVS 186B; only one may be counted for credit.

Designed for pre-health professional students who are in the process of researching traditional and non-traditional health professions and careers. This course consists of at least 10 seminars presented by various practicing health professionals, health professional students, and health professional school admissions officers. Topics vary each semester. One hour per week.

General survey of evolutionary processes: mechanisms of evolutionary change, adaptation and history of life. Designed for biological sciences majors. Lecture three hours.

Prerequisite: BIO 184 or instructor permission.

Supervised work-learn experience in biology with a public or private organization. Up to 4 units may be taken. No more than 2 units from BIO 195, BIO 197 and BIO 199 combined can be applied to the biological sciences upper division major requirement.

Prerequisite: Department chair and instructor (representing the appropriate biological discipline) permission.

Supervised non-paid internship experience in the medical-related and business-related aspects of dentistry. Includes a volunteer experience in the community. No more than 2 units from BIO 195, BIO 197 and BIO 199 combined can be applied to the biological sciences upper division major requirement.

Note: 1 unit = 40 hours of participation/semester and 2 units = 80 hours of participation/semester; May be repeated for up to 4 units of credit .

Prerequisite: Department chair and instructor (representing the appropriate preprofessional discipline) permission.

Supervised non-paid internship experience in multiple aspects of health care. Includes a volunteer experience in the community, supplemental readings, and a presentation on current issues in medicine and health education. No more than 2 units of BIO 195, BIO 197 and BIO 199 combined may be applied to the Biological Sciences upper division major requirement.

Note: 80 hours of participation/semester

Prerequisite: Department Chair, Instructor and Placement Agency's permission required.

Supervised non-paid internship experience in pharmacy. Includes a volunteer experience in the community. No more than 2 units from BIO 195, BIO 197 and Bio 199 combined can be applied to the biological sciences upper division

major requirement. May be repeated for up to 4 units of credit. 1.0-2.0 units (40-80 hours of participation/semester).

Prerequisite: Department Chair, Instructor, and Placement Agency permission required.

Supervised non-paid internship experience in K-12 teaching. Includes regular meetings with supervising teacher and submission of a field experience journal. May be repeated for credit.

Note: No more than 2 units from BIO 195, 197 and 199 combined can be applied to the biological sciences upper division major requirement.

Prerequisite: Department chair and instructor permission.

Supervised experiences will include aspects of laboratory preparation and aspects of teaching biology laboratory courses. Conferences and laboratory experiences four to eight hours weekly. Admission requires approval of professor and Department Chair.

Note: May be taken more than once, but no more than 2 units from BIO 195, BIO 197 and BIO 199 combined can be applied to the Biological Sciences upper division major requirement.

Prerequisite: Department Chair and instructor permission.

Supervised laboratory experiences for advanced students in the organization and techniques for operation of a basic sciences laboratory. Conferences and laboratory experiences four to eight hours weekly. Admission requires approval of professor and Department Chair.

Note: May be taken more than once, but no more than 2 units from BIO 195, BIO 197 and BIO 199 combined can be applied to the Biological Sciences upper division major requirement.

Prerequisite: Department Chair and instructor permission.

Students may earn BIO 197C credit by participating as tutors and/or section or discussion leaders for biological sciences classes or teaching as voluntary instructors or tutors in K-12 courses or programs offered by other community organizations. Participation requires four to eight hours weekly. Admission requires approval of professor and Department Chair.

Note: May be taken more than once, but no more than 2 units from BIO 195, BIO 197 and BIO 199 combined can be applied to the Biological Sciences upper division major requirement.

Student conducts introductory, independent laboratory or field research on an original question. Research must culminate in a formal report. Weekly meetings may be required. Students must have a research prospectus approved by faculty mentor and Department Chair.

Note: May be taken more than once, no more than 2 units from BIO 195, BIO 197 and BIO 199 combined may be applied to the Biological Sciences upper division major requirement.

Prerequisite: Department Chair and instructor permission.

Directed Readings on a topic in Biology culminating in a research paper. Admission requires submission of a prospectus approved by the faculty member under whom the work is to be conducted and the Department Chair.

Note: May be taken more than once, but no more than 2 units from BIO 195, BIO 197 and BIO 199 combined can be applied to the Biological Sciences upper division major requirement.

Prerequisite: Department Chair and instructor permission.

Student conducts independent laboratory or field research on an original question. Research must culminate in a formal report. Weekly meetings may be required. Students must have a research prospectus approved by faculty mentor and Department Chair.

Note: May be taken more than once; no more than 2 units from BIO 195, BIO 197 and BIO 199 combined may be applied to the Biological Sciences upper division major requirement.

Prerequisite: Department Chair and instructor permission.

Advanced laboratory or field research on an original question. The research must culminate in a formal report. Weekly meetings may be required. Students must have a prospectus approved by the faculty member and the Department Chair.

Note: May be taken more than once; no more than 2 units from BIO 195, BIO 197 and BIO 199 combined may be applied to the Biological Sciences upper division major requirement.

Prerequisite: Department Chair and instructor permission.

Graduate level introduction to scientific inquiry in the biological sciences. Students learn to apply the scientific method, critically evaluate the scientific literature, initiate their graduate project, and develop written and oral scientific presentation skills. Lecture two hours.

Note: Graduate Writing Intensive (GWI).

Processes and control of DNA replication, transcription, and translation developed from a consideration of the current literature. Lecture three hours.

Prerequisite: BIO 184, CHEM 161.

Examination of current approaches in structural genomics, functional genomics and proteomics, and the bioinformatics tools utilized to understand genome organization, the regulation of gene expression, gene function and the evolutionary relationships within and between genomes. Lecture two hours; laboratory 3 hours.

Prerequisite: BIO 184, BIO 222 and graduate status or instructor permission.

Advanced examination of the structure of genes and genomes, the mechanisms by which they change, and the laboratory tools used to study and understand gene function. Analysis of the molecular mechanisms of gene expression, their regulation, phenotypes, and the tools used to study these processes. Application of molecular tools in medicine and biotechnology and the ethics of these approaches. Emphasis on the critical evaluation, review, and presentation of molecular biology research literature. Paired with Bio 180. Fee course.

Note: Lecture two hours, laboratory six hours.

Course requires Personal Protective Equipment.

Introduction to evolutionary concepts and perspectives and their application to a variety of topics outside of evolutionary biology through discussion of peer-reviewed literature. Students will develop skills through group discussion, writing and presentation.

Prerequisite: Classified graduate standing in Biological Sciences

Study of the past and present plant and animal distributions, and the geologic, climatic and ecologic factors involved in their migration, establishment and extinction. Lecture/discussions three hours.

Presentation and discussion of graduate student and faculty research and current literature with emphasis on critical evaluation of research design, data analysis and presentation techniques.

Note: Discussion two hours. May be taken twice for credit. Only two units may be applied to the University's requirement for 200-level courses; May be repeated for up to 4 units of credit.

Prerequisite: Department Chair and instructor permission.

Review and discussion of scientific literature in ecology, evolution, and conservation biology. Seminar topics will vary by semester.

Note: May be repeated for up to 4 units of credit.

Prerequisite: Student must be a Biology major at the master's level to enroll in this class and/or have instructor permission.

Training for graduate students who wish to participate in the Department's Graduate Teaching Associate (GTA) Program and others interested in teaching biology. Weekly seminar session covering aspects of teaching biology laboratories. Lecture/discussion. Not applicable toward 18 unit 200-level course work requirement.

Prerequisite: Acceptance in the GTA Program or instructor permission.

Training for graduate students admitted to the Graduate Teaching Associate (GTA) Program. Students assist in teaching three hours of biology laboratory weekly under the supervision of a laboratory instructor. Laboratory three hours. Not applicable toward 18 unit 200-level coursework requirement.

Prerequisite: Acceptance in the GTA Program or instructor permission.

Library research, short-term original research, technique development, or thesis research site selection and preliminary field observations. Culminating experience will be in the format of a scientific paper, annotated bibliography, demonstration of technique mastery, or oral presentation. Enrollment requires classified graduate status and approval of the project by a faculty supervisor and the Department Chair.

Completion of a thesis approved for the Master's degree. Should be taken in final semester prior to the completion of all requirements for the degree.

Prerequisite: Advanced to candidacy and chair permission of his/her thesis committee.

Completion of a written project based on a research problem in biology approved for the Master of Arts Degree. Should be taken in final semester prior to the completion of all requirements for the degree.

Prerequisite: Advanced to candidacy and chair permission of his/her committee.

Study of the gross anatomy of selected regions of the human body. Emphasis will be placed on musculoskeletal, neurovascular and anatomy of the joints of the back, thoracic wall, abdominal wall, upper limb and lower limb. Anatomical relationships will be reinforced through study of cross-sectional anatomy. Lecture two hours; lab three hours.

Note: Course designed for students enrolled in the Doctor of Physical Therapy Program.

Prerequisite: BIO 22 or instructor permission.

Corequisite: PT 600, PT 602, PT 608, PT 630.